Central de conhecimento
Guias
Conhecimento de montanha que vale em qualquer cordilheira — equipamento, clima, resgate e altitude. Pesquisado em fontes primárias, com toda afirmação citada.
Equipment
Layering, footwear, packs — what actually keeps you warm, dry and moving.
Weather
Reading the sky, the forecast and the storm signs before they read you.
Safety & SOS
Emergency numbers, rescue protocols and altitude illness — the knowledge you hope to never use.
Mountain craft
Navigation, judgment and the habits that keep experienced people alive.
Equipment
3Crampons, axe and helmet: what to buy, and when you actually need them
The rating system everyone shops by — B0 to B3 boots, C1 to C3 crampons — is defined by nobody. It is not in EN 893, it is not in UIAA 153, and the national bodies that publish it attribute it to no one. The counter-intuitive part is worse: the axe that looks most capable is the one least able to stop you, and the BMC says so in plain words. Meanwhile EN 12492:2012, the helmet standard half the internet still quotes, has been withdrawn in favour of EN 12492:2025. This is the selection guide with sources — when microspikes are enough, when crampons stop being optional, what the letters actually mean, and why this article deliberately stops short of technique.
Trekking poles: what the evidence actually says
Everyone has heard that poles take 25% off your knees. That number comes from eight men walking down a 25-degree ramp in 1999, it was a 12–25% range spread across several different measures, and the patellofemoral reduction people actually mean by 'the knees' was not statistically significant. The best real-mountain study — 37 hikers up and down Snowdon — is genuine, and it is in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, not the British Journal of Sports Medicine, whatever the internet repeats. Here is what poles are solidly shown to do on a descent, what they cost you in oxygen, what the alpine clubs themselves warn about, and the sizing rule we could not source to anybody at all.