Pyrenees

Camping and Bivouac Regulations, Pyrenees — Research Dossier (Pyrenees region) ## jtreks.co | August 2026

Scope: Source dossier for every camping, bivouac and overnight question across the Pyrenees — the Aragonese natural and national parks, the Catalan national park, the French national park, and Andorra. Written because the site's Trail Assistant answered "¿Puedo acampar en La Renclusa?" with "camping is restricted, consult the park administration". That answer was wrong in kind, not just in detail. The rule is written down, in a published decree, with a number, an altitude and a clock. Writer agents draw claims from here; no camping claim may be published that is not in this file or re-verified to the same standard.

Method: Every claim below carries at least one source URL. All 37 cited URLs were verified live on 2026-08-15 (curl -sIL, browser UA, HTTP 200 after allowed redirect chains; final URLs recorded). Verification here was not link-checking — every legal claim was read in the primary text: BOA and BOE full texts were fetched and the operative article extracted verbatim; PDFs were text-extracted and quoted. 8 candidate sources were dropped for failing verification or for failing the official-source test (list at the end). No blog, forum, SEO page or hiking magazine is cited anywhere in this file, and none was used as evidence.

Sourcing constraints discovered during verification (writers must respect these):

• Legifrance is bot-blocked to curl (403) but serves normally to ordinary browsers and to our fetch tool. The ELI URL for décret n° 2009-406 is live and the text of article 15 was read from it. Cite the live URL for readers; note that a HEAD check will show 403.
• BOA (boa.aragon.es) serves ISO-8859-1, not UTF-8. Text copied from a naive scrape loses every accent. All Spanish quotations below were re-decoded and are accented correctly.
• portaljuridic.gencat.cat and dogc.gencat.cat render their document text in JavaScript. The URL for Llei 7/1988 resolves (HTTP 200) but no article text can be machine-read from it. Consequence: for Aigüestortes we cite the park administration and MITECO, not the statute — and we say so.
• bopa.ad is a JavaScript single-page app with no crawlable search. The Andorran rule below is cited from the BOPA-published PDF hosted by the park's own managing body, which carries the BOPA issue number and date on every page.
• larenclusa.com is entirely unreachable (connection failure, repeated). The refuge is documented from its two owner-federations instead.

Editorial rules for every article built from this file — non-negotiable:

1. Never merge two parks' rules. The single most important finding in this dossier is that the four jurisdictions disagree with each other on altitude, on hours, on party size and on whether tents are allowed at all. An article that gives "the Pyrenees rule" is wrong by construction.
2. Always name the instrument and its date. "Decreto 148/2005, de 26 de julio, article 29" — not "park rules". Regulations change; an undated rule is a liability.
3. Print the Spanish/Catalan/French term next to the English. Acampada de alta montaña, vivac, bivouac, acampada lliure are legal categories, not synonyms.
4. Carry the confidence notes. Where this file flags evidence as thin, the article either carries the hedge or drops the detail.
5. Close every camping article with: "Regulations change. Check the park's own page before you go — this article records what the published decree said on [date]."

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0. THE DISTINCTION THAT DECIDES EVERYTHING

1. Spanish law does not have one category called "camping". It has several, and they are defined against each other. In Aragón the definitions live in Decreto 61/2006, de 7 de marzo, del Gobierno de Aragón, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de acampadas (BOA, 20/03/2006). Article 2 defines: "a) Acampada: es la actividad de alojamiento al aire libre, fuera de los cámpings y casas rurales aisladas, mediante la utilización de tiendas de campaña, caravanas, albergues móviles u otros medios para guarecerse… b) Acampada libre: es la acampada que se practica incumpliendo cualesquiera de los requisitos establecidos en este Reglamento." — "Camping: the activity of lodging in the open air, outside campsites and isolated rural houses, using tents, caravans, mobile shelters or other means of taking shelter… Free camping: camping practised in breach of any of the requirements established in this Regulation." This is the hinge of the whole topic: acampada libre is not a place or a style, it is a legal verdict. You are not doing "free camping" because you are far from a campsite. You are doing it because you broke a written condition. — Source: BOA — Decreto 61/2006, texto completo.

2. The permitted category for trekkers in Aragón is acampada de alta montaña (high-mountain camping). Decreto 61/2006, artículo 18: "1. Se considera acampada de alta montaña la realizada en emplazamientos por encima de la cota de mil quinientos metros y que disten como mínimo de dos horas de marcha desde cualquier punto accesible al público en general por medio de vehículos a motor. 2. La realización de acampadas de alta montaña, junto con el itinerario previsto para las mismas en caso de que se efectúe una travesía, deberá comunicarse simultáneamente al órgano competente y al Centro de Emergencias «112-S.O.S. Aragón». 3. Estas acampadas no podrán tener una duración superior a tres pernoctas." — "High-mountain camping is that carried out at sites above the 1,500 m contour and at least two hours' walk from any point accessible to the general public by motor vehicle. It must be notified simultaneously to the competent body and to the 112-S.O.S. Aragón emergency centre, together with the planned itinerary if a traverse is involved. It may not exceed three overnight stays." — Source: BOA — Decreto 61/2006, artículo 18.

3. The 1,500 m / 2-hours rule does NOT apply inside protected areas. Decreto 61/2006, artículo 3.2: "Quedan excluidas del ámbito de aplicación de este Reglamento las siguientes acampadas: a) Las realizadas en los terrenos sometidos a algún régimen de protección de espacios naturales protegidos, reguladas por los Planes de ordenación de recursos naturales o los Planes rectores de uso y gestión, Planes de conservación y Planes de Protección de Espacios Naturales Protegidos aprobados." — "The following are excluded from the scope of this Regulation: camping carried out on land subject to any protected-natural-area regime, governed by approved PORN, PRUG, conservation plans or protection plans." Inside Posets-Maladeta, inside Ordesa, inside any Aragonese natural park, the park's own plan is the only text that counts. This is the single most-repeated error in the folk knowledge — see claim 12. — Source: BOA — Decreto 61/2006, artículo 3.

4. Outside protected areas, Decreto 61/2006 adds siting rules that matter on the GR-11. Article 6.a bans camping on "Los sometidos a riesgo de inundación o, en todo caso, en aquéllos situados a menos de cien metros de las riberas de los ríos, embalses, lagos o lagunas" — land at flood risk, or in any case within 100 metres of the banks of rivers, reservoirs, lakes or lagoons. The Gobierno de Aragón restates this in its own 2026 notice: "se prohíbe su instalación en terrenos situados a menos de cien metros de cualquier lago o laguna." The photogenic ibón shoreline pitch is, outside a park, specifically illegal. Article 17 (acampada itinerante, the trekking-group case) caps a group at three tents and nine campers, three nights in the same place, 1 km between groups, and no closer than 5 km to a campsite or 1 km to a village or a habitually busy place. Article 20 requires prior authorization for more than nine campers. — Sources: BOA — Decreto 61/2006; Gobierno de Aragón — Regulación de la acampada y baño en los ibones del Anayet.

5. In protected areas the prohibition and the penalty come from Decreto Legislativo 1/2015, de 29 de julio, del Gobierno de Aragón, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley de Espacios Protegidos de Aragón (this replaced Ley 6/1998, which older park decrees still cite). Article 43 lists prohibited uses: "a) Encender fuego fuera de los lugares establecidos al efecto o contraviniendo las normas aplicables… h) La acampada fuera de los lugares señalados al efecto." — "a) Lighting a fire outside the places established for it or contrary to the applicable rules… h) Camping outside the places designated for it." Article 98.2.a makes "Las acampadas en lugares prohibidos" a minor infraction; article 100.1 sets the tariff: "a) Infracciones leves: multa de 100 a 1.000 euros. b) Infracciones graves: multa de 1.001 a 100.000 euros. c) Infracciones muy graves: multa de 100.001 a 1.000.000 de euros." Article 100.4.a gives a 50% reduction on a minor fine paid voluntarily, in exchange for waiving any defence. So: camping in the wrong place in an Aragonese protected area is a €100–1,000 fine, halved to €50–500 if you pay up and shut up. — Sources: BOE — Decreto Legislativo 1/2015 (texto consolidado); BOE — consolidated PDF.

6. Confidence note on the state-level law, which writers keep expecting to exist: Ley 30/2014, de 3 de diciembre, de Parques Nacionales — the Spanish national-parks statute — contains no camping, bivouac or pernocta provision at all. Full-text search of the consolidated law returns zero hits for acampada, vivac and pernocta. There is no Spanish national camping rule for national parks; each park's PRUG sets its own, which is exactly why Ordesa and Aigüestortes differ so sharply. Do not write "Spanish national parks ban camping" — write what each park's plan says. — Source: BOE — Ley 30/2014 (texto consolidado).

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1. PARQUE NATURAL POSETS-MALADETA — Benasque, Aneto, Maladeta, La Renclusa

This is the section that answers the question that started the dossier.

7. The governing instrument is Decreto 148/2005, de 26 de julio, del Gobierno de Aragón, por el que se aprueba definitivamente el Plan de Ordenación de los Recursos Naturales del Parque Natural de Posets-Maladeta y su Área de Influencia Socioeconómica (BOA nº 94, 05/08/2005). The park itself was created by Ley 3/1994, de 23 de junio (BOA, 01/07/1994), amended by Ley 8/1994. The Gobierno de Aragón's own planning page lists exactly this chain and no other. — Sources: BOA — Decreto 148/2005, texto completo; Gobierno de Aragón — Planificación y gestión de los espacios naturales protegidos.

8. The operative rule, verbatim. Decreto 148/2005, anexo (documento normativo), artículo 29 — Acampada en el Parque Natural:

"1.—En el ámbito territorial del Parque Natural se permite, exclusivamente, la acampada en la modalidad de alta montaña, en cota superior a 2.000 metros, salvo en las zonas que determine el Plan Rector de Uso y Gestión que, aún hallándose por debajo de dicha cota, sus condiciones orográficas y de accesibilidad permitan aplicar una excepción a la norma general. En todo caso, la acampada sólo se podrá llevar cabo en las siguientes condiciones:
a) Las tiendas y demás material utilizado para la pernocta solo podrá permanecer instalado o fuera de sus contenedores, durante el horario comprendido desde el ocaso hasta las 8 horas del día siguiente salvo en casos de fuerza mayor.
b) La instalación de más de 3 tiendas de campaña, así como la pernocta en el mismo lugar más de dos noches consecutivas requerirá autorización previa de la Dirección del Parque
c) En caso de concurrir varios grupos en un mismo lugar, la guardería del Parque podrá ordenar la redistribución de los mismos en aquellas situaciones que así lo aconsejen.
2.—El Órgano ambiental competente podrá autorizar las acampadas relacionadas con actividades militares.
3.—Sin perjuicio de las disposiciones recogidas en los epígrafes anteriores, se podrá limitar la acampada en zonas declaradas de especial fragilidad."

Translation: "1. Within the Natural Park, only high-mountain camping is permitted, above the 2,000 m contour, except in zones the PRUG may designate below that contour where terrain and access conditions justify an exception. In all cases camping may only be done under the following conditions: (a) Tents and other overnight material may remain pitched, or out of their stuff sacks, only between sunset and 08:00 the following day, save in cases of force majeure. (b) Pitching more than 3 tents, and staying in the same place more than two consecutive nights, requires prior authorization from the Park Directorate. (c) Where several groups coincide in one place, the park wardens may order them redistributed. 2. The competent environmental body may authorize camping connected with military activities. 3. Camping may be restricted in zones declared of special fragility."

— Source: BOA — Decreto 148/2005, artículo 29 del anexo.

9. So: yes, you can camp at La Renclusa — and the rule that used to say otherwise was repealed in 2005. The earlier instrument, Decreto 142/2000, de 11 de julio, del Gobierno de Aragón, por el que se regula la acampada de alta montaña en el Parque Natural Posets-Maladeta (BOA nº 89, 26/07/2000), contained a hard exclusion around the two staffed refuges — artículo 2.4: "No se permite ningún tipo de acampada a una distancia inferior a 500 metros de cualquiera de los refugios guardados del Parque, ubicados a cota superior a los 2000 metros, denominados La Renclusa y Ángel Orús." ("No camping of any kind is permitted within 500 metres of either of the park's staffed refuges above 2,000 m, named La Renclusa and Ángel Orús.") That decree also set the window at 20:00–08:00 and required prior notification "al puesto de la Guardia Civil más próximo o a los Agentes para la Protección de la Naturaleza". All of it is dead law. Decreto 148/2005 carries an express repeal: "Quedan derogadas todas las normas de igual o inferior rango que se opongan a lo dispuesto en el presente Decreto, así como en el plan que mediante él se aprueba y, en particular, el Decreto 142/2000, de 11 de julio, del Gobierno de Aragón, por el que se regula la acampada de alta montaña en el parque natural Posets-Maladeta." The 2005 PORN does not re-enact the 500 m refuge exclusion, does not re-enact the Guardia Civil notification, and moves the start of the window from a fixed 20:00 to sunset. — Sources: BOA — Decreto 142/2000, texto completo; BOA — Decreto 148/2005, disposición derogatoria única.

10. The 2005 PORN has been amended once, and the amendment does not touch camping. Decreto 1/2006, de 10 de enero, del Gobierno de Aragón, modifying Decreto 148/2005, corrects cross-references and amends articles 22, 31, 41 and 53 plus the Patronato's composition. Full-text search of the amending decree returns zero occurrences of acampada, pernocta or vivac. Article 29 stands as enacted in 2005. — Source: BOA — Decreto 1/2006 (PDF, BOA nº 5 de 16/01/2006).

11. The park's management plan defers to that rule rather than replacing it. Decreto 168/2014, de 21 de octubre, del Gobierno de Aragón, por el que se aprueba el Plan Rector de Uso y Gestión del Parque Natural de Posets-Maladeta (BOA nº 215, 03/11/2014), artículo 11 ("Usos turísticos y deportivos"), apartado 2 ("Acampada y alojamientos al aire libre"): "d) La acampada en la modalidad de alta montaña está permitida en los términos previstos en la legislación vigente." — "High-mountain camping is permitted on the terms laid down in the legislation in force." The same article closes the vehicle-and-shack loophole: "h) Sin perjuicio de lo establecido en los párrafos anteriores y en la legislación en materia de acampada en alta montaña, no está permitida la pernocta valiéndose de la instalación de chozas, casetas, tiendas, toldos, caravanas, autocaravanas, vehículos, o cualquier elemento ocasional." Campervan overnighting is confined to legalised campsites (art. 11.2.e). A BOA title index search for "Posets" returns 32 records, the most recent normative one being this 2014 decree — nothing since 2014 changes the camping regime. — Source: BOA — Decreto 168/2014, texto completo.

12. The most widespread error about this park, corrected. It is routinely stated — including by Montaña Segura, the Aragonese mountain-safety programme run with the Gobierno de Aragón and the FAM — that inside Posets-Maladeta camping is allowed "en cota superior a 2.000 metros y a más de 2 horas de marcha desde cualquier punto accesible al público en general por medio de vehículos a motor". The two-hour condition is not in article 29. It is article 18 of Decreto 61/2006, and article 3.2.a of that same decree expressly excludes protected areas from its scope (claim 3). The same page also says tents may stand "entre el ocaso y hasta el amanecer del día siguiente" — sunrise — whereas the PORN says 08:00, a fixed clock time that in June is roughly an hour and a half after sunrise. Editorial rule: quote article 29, not the secondary summary. We cite the Montaña Segura page here only as evidence that the error is in circulation at semi-official level; it is not evidence of the rule. — Sources (the error): Montaña Segura — Travesías en verano en autosuficiencia; (the rule): BOA — Decreto 148/2005, artículo 29.

13. The Gobierno de Aragón's own visitor brochure for the park states the rule in one line, and it matches the decree — including the 08:00 clock time: "La acampada libre sólo se permite dentro del Parque Natural en su modalidad de alta montaña, en cotas superiores a los 2.000 m (desde el ocaso hasta las 8:00 h)." The same panel adds "No se permite hacer fuego" and gives 112 (SOS Aragón) as the emergency number. This is the citation to give a reader who wants a one-page official confirmation. — Source: Gobierno de Aragón — Parque Natural Posets-Maladeta (folleto oficial, PDF).

14. La Renclusa stands at 2,140 m — above the 2,000 m line, so its surroundings are inside the permitted zone. The refuge has 92 places, is "guardado todo el año" (staffed year-round) and is co-owned and co-managed by the Federación Aragonesa de Montañismo (FAM), the Centre Excursionista de Catalunya (CEC) and the Ayuntamiento de Benasque. The altitude figure is published by the CEC, one of the owners: "La Renclusa — Refugi d'alta muntanya (2.140 m) a la vall de Benasc (Pirineu aragonès)." Confidence note: the FAM's own refuge page gives ownership, capacity and services but no altitude; we take the figure from the co-owner CEC. — Sources: FAM — Refugio de La Renclusa; CEC — Refugis.

15. Refuge-adjacent camping in this park: what nobody publishes. Neither the FAM nor the CEC publishes any rule about pitching a tent near La Renclusa or Ángel Orús, and neither does the Gobierno de Aragón's park page. Since the repeal of Decreto 142/2000 there is no published distance rule around the two refuges. What the current text does give the warden is article 29.1.c — the power to redistribute groups that coincide in one place — and article 29.1.b, which caps a party at three tents before authorization is needed. Confidence note (must be carried in any article): the absence of a published exclusion zone is not a licence to pitch on the refuge terrace; the refuge occupies a private concession over public forest land and its immediate surroundings are managed ground. The honest formulation is: "The 500 m ban around La Renclusa was repealed in 2005 and no replacement has been published. Above 2,000 m the general park rule applies. Ask the guardian where to pitch — not because the rule is secret, but because it is silent." — Sources: BOA — Decreto 148/2005, artículo 29; FAM — Refugio de La Renclusa; Gobierno de Aragón — Parque Natural de Posets-Maladeta.

16. A documented publication gap, worth saying out loud in an article. The Gobierno de Aragón's page for the Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido carries a dedicated "Pernoctación" section spelling out the altitudes and the Góriz quota. The equivalent page for the Parque Natural de Posets-Maladeta — same government, same department, last updated 07/05/2026 — carries no camping section at all: trail sheets, access regulation, quality certificates, management reports, but not a word about acampada. The rule exists and is precise; the park's front door simply does not state it. That is the mechanism by which folk knowledge fills the space. — Sources: Gobierno de Aragón — Parque Natural de Posets-Maladeta; Gobierno de Aragón — Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido.

17. Other Posets-Maladeta provisions that travel with the camping question. Dogs — Decreto 148/2005, artículo 36: "El acceso de animales de compañía al Parque Natural solo se permitirá cuando estén directamente sujetos a su cuidador." ("Pets may enter the Natural Park only when directly restrained by their keeper.") Litter — artículo 37.2: "No está permitido abandonar, depositar o arrojar, fuera de los depósitos o contenedores instalados para tal fin, papeles, botes, botellas, plásticos, basuras o desechos de cualquier tipo." Aircraft — artículo 32 bans motorised overflight below 4,400 m above sea level, save rescue, surveillance and salvage; the 2014 PRUG (art. 11) treats commercial and recreational motorised overflight below 1,000 m above ground as an incompatible use, with a narrow ultralight exception above 500 m AGL. Confidence note: neither text mentions drones by name — both predate the current UAS regime. Do not write "drones are banned under the park decree"; write that no park instrument addresses drones directly and that EU/AESA rules plus the overflight articles apply. Campfires are not addressed in the PORN's use chapter; the prohibition comes from DL 1/2015 art. 43.a and is restated in the park's own brochure ("No se permite hacer fuego"). Human waste is addressed nowhere in either instrument — say so, and give Leave No Trace practice as practice, not as law. — Sources: BOA — Decreto 148/2005; BOA — Decreto 168/2014; BOE — Decreto Legislativo 1/2015; folleto oficial del parque (PDF).

18. Local, seasonal orders can override the general rule anywhere in Aragón, and they are published. Worked example: the ibones del Anayet (Sallent de Gállego, Pyrenean Aragón), a Humedal Singular de Aragón. By an Orden of the Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Turismo published in the BOA on 17 February 2026, bathing is banned outright and camping is restricted across 209.5 ha of wetland and buffer zone between 21 June and 21 September; outside that window Decreto 61/2006 applies. Breaches are sanctioned under DL 1/2015 and under the Ley de Montes de Aragón (DL 1/2017). Editorial use: this is the proof that "check the park page before you go" is not boilerplate. — Source: Gobierno de Aragón — Regulación de la acampada y baño en los ibones del Anayet.

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2. PARQUE NACIONAL DE ORDESA Y MONTE PERDIDO

Different park, different administration tier, radically different rule — this is where a Benasque assumption becomes a fine.

19. The governing instrument is Decreto 49/2015, de 8 de abril, del Gobierno de Aragón, por el que se aprueba el Plan Rector de Uso y Gestión del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido y su Zona Periférica de Protección (BOA, 29/04/2015), as amended by Decreto 16/2022, de 26 de enero (BOA nº 26, 08/02/2022). The 2022 amendment rewrote apartado 9.2.1.3.1 of the annex and entered into force the day after publication — 9 February 2022. — Sources: BOA — Decreto 16/2022; Gobierno de Aragón — PRUG consolidado, actualización febrero 2022 (PDF); Gobierno de Aragón — Planificación y gestión de los espacios naturales protegidos.

20. The operative rule, verbatim, from the consolidated PRUG, apartado 9.2.1.3.1 Vivac y acampada nocturna:

"La actividad del vivac o acampada nocturna queda prohibida en el sector Ordesa, con la excepción, hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2023, de un cupo de 90 personas que se establece para la Zona de Uso Moderado de Góriz en los casos de aforo completo del refugio. A partir de esa fecha dicho cupo quedará reducido a 50 personas. En todo caso, la pernocta no excederá de tres noches.
En el resto de sectores del Parque Nacional esta actividad queda restringida a los terrenos por encima de las siguientes cotas de altitud, estableciendo que la pernocta en un mismo sector no excederá de tres noches:
· Añisclo: 1.650 m. (Fuenblanca).
· Escuaín: 1.800 m. (La Ralla).
· Pineta: 2.550 m. (Por encima del Balcón de Pineta)."

Translation: "Bivouac or night camping is prohibited in the Ordesa sector, with the exception — until 31 December 2023 — of a quota of 90 people for the Góriz Moderate Use Zone when the refuge is full. From that date the quota drops to 50 people. In no case shall a stay exceed three nights. In the remaining sectors of the National Park this activity is restricted to ground above the following altitudes, with no more than three nights in the same sector: Añisclo 1,650 m (Fuenblanca); Escuaín 1,800 m (La Ralla); Pineta 2,550 m (above the Balcón de Pineta)."

Note the drafting: the ban in Ordesa is "a cualquier cota" — at any altitude, as the amending decree's preamble states. Height does not save you in the Ordesa sector. — Sources: Gobierno de Aragón — PRUG consolidado (PDF), apartado 9.2.1.3.1; BOA — Decreto 16/2022.

21. Ordesa's conditions are stricter than any other Pyrenean park's, and they are the ones trekkers get wrong. Same apartado, continuing verbatim: "Se prohíbe la realización o excavación de canalillos alrededor de la tienda o lugar de pernocta, así como la formación de barreras cortaviento de piedra. Con carácter general no está permitido montar la tienda de campaña en las inmediaciones de fuentes, surgencias o zonas encharcadas… No se permite la instalación ni el transporte fuera de vehículos de tiendas de altura superior a 1,50 m. Las tiendas y demás materiales utilizados para la pernocta solo podrán permanecer instalados o fuera de sus contenedores desde 1 hora antes del ocaso a 1 hora después del orto. Fuera de este periodo, las tiendas deberán ser desmontadas y retiradas." — No trenching around the tent, no stone windbreaks, no pitching near springs, seeps or boggy ground; no tent taller than 1.50 m may be pitched or even carried outside a vehicle; and tents may be up only from one hour before sunset to one hour after sunrise, and must be struck and packed away outside that window. The plan also warns that bivouac zones "no se encuentran habilitadas a los efectos de cobertura de riesgos naturales, por lo que la práctica de esta actividad queda bajo la responsabilidad de quien la lleva a cabo" — they are not risk-assessed ground; you camp at your own risk. In the Zona Periférica de Protección the sectoral camping regulation (Decreto 61/2006) applies instead. — Source: Gobierno de Aragón — PRUG consolidado (PDF), apartado 9.2.1.3.1.

22. The park administration publishes the same rule in plain language on its visitor page: "Desde el 9 de febrero de 2022 la actividad del vivac o acampada nocturna queda prohibida en todo el Sector Ordesa. En el Sector Ordesa sólo se permite el vivac o acampada nocturna en la zona de acampada de Góriz existiendo un aforo limitado y siendo imprescindible la reserva a través de la página web del Refugio de Góriz." The neighbouring Parc national des Pyrénées also published a notice to its own walkers when the change landed, listing the four sectors and the "coucher au lever du soleil" framing — useful as a French-language corroboration for cross-border readers. — Sources: Gobierno de Aragón — Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido, "Pernoctación"; Parc national des Pyrénées — Le bivouac interdit au Parc national d'Ordesa et du Mont Perdu (24/03/2022).

23. Góriz is now a booked, paid, conditional bivouac — and the condition is the part people miss. The refuge operator publishes the operating rules: reservation is compulsory and online only; the quota is 50 people per day; "solo se puede acampar o vivaquear aquellos días en los que las reservas en el interior ya están completas" ("you may only camp or bivouac on days when indoor bookings are already full"); "La acampada sólo está autorizada entre una hora antes del ocaso y una hora después del orto, en función de los horarios oficiales de la zona que facilita el Instituto Geográfico Nacional"; a booked place is per person, not per tent or pitch, and costs the same whether you sleep under a tent or under the sky. Published 2025 tariff, per person per night: €17.30 adult, €11.50 federated adult, €8.50 under-14, €5.10 federated under-14; the fee includes a hot shower and a locker. Tents can be hired at the refuge (€18) but cannot be reserved. The refuge sits at 2,200 m. Confidence note: the €15 / €7 figures circulating from the 2022 announcements are superseded — use the operator's current tariff table and date it. — Sources: Refugio de Góriz — La acampada en Ordesa (tarifas y condiciones); Refugio de Góriz.

24. Ordesa's fire and dog rules, verbatim from the same PRUG. Fire — prohibited use (o): "Hacer o provocar fuego tanto en el Parque Nacional como en la Zona Periférica de Protección. Se exceptúa el uso de aparatos de gas de camping para cocinar y producir luz que estén relacionados con el vivac o la pernocta en los términos previstos en el presente PRUG." — all fire banned, gas camping stoves and lamps expressly excepted when connected with a lawful bivouac. This is the cleanest published statement in the whole range that a gas stove is not a fire. Dogs — prohibited use (e): "La introducción de perros sueltos en el Parque Nacional, a excepción de perros en labores de rescate, perros ganaderos…, perros lazarillo… y perros autorizados…" — loose dogs prohibited, with narrow exceptions for rescue, livestock, guide dogs at rest and management dogs. Litter — prohibited use (c) bans dumping and also "el abandono, depósito o arrojado de papeles, botes, botellas, plásticos, colillas o desechos de cualquier tipo fuera de los lugares habilitados" — cigarette butts named explicitly. Drones: the PRUG contains no occurrence of dron; overflight and landing are governed by apartado 9.1.1 and the authorization table in 11.8, which Decreto 16/2022 also amended to move the permitting power to the Dirección General de Espacios Naturales Protegidos. Same rule as Posets: do not write "drones are banned by the PRUG" — write that overflight is an incompatible activity and drones fall under the overflight regime plus national UAS law. — Sources: Gobierno de Aragón — PRUG consolidado (PDF); BOA — Decreto 16/2022.

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3. PARC NACIONAL D'AIGÜESTORTES I ESTANY DE SANT MAURICI (Catalonia)

The strictest of the four: no altitude threshold, because there is no permitted category at all.

25. Camping is not permitted anywhere inside the national park, with no altitude exception and no bivouac carve-out. The park's own visitor leaflet, in Catalan: "L'acampada lliure i descontrolada propicia la proliferació de deixalles i la degradació dels sistemes naturals. Per això és prohibida dins tot l'àmbit del Parc Nacional." ("Free and uncontrolled camping encourages litter and the degradation of natural systems. It is therefore prohibited throughout the whole area of the National Park.") MITECO's official visitor rules for the park say the same in Spanish, as rule 5 of nine: "La acampada libre y descontrolada facilita la proliferación de basuras y la degradación de los ecosistemas naturales, por esta razón no se permite dentro del ámbito del Parque Nacional. Existen refugios de montaña con guarda y servicios de hostelería y cámping en los pueblos de la zona de influencia." — Sources: MITECO — Aigüestortes: Normas de visita y recomendaciones; Parc Nacional d'Aigüestortes — opuscle informatiu (PDF, català).

26. Confidence note — this is the weakest legal sourcing in the dossier, and articles must carry the hedge. Unlike the two Aragonese parks, Aigüestortes publishes no camping article we could read in a primary legal text. The park's official "Normativa" page lists its whole legal corpus — Llei 7/1988 (reclassification), Llei 22/1990, Decret 234/1996 (extension), Decret 324/2000, orders on vehicle access and closed forest tracks, the state instruments — and no PRUG appears on that list. The Catalan legal portal serves Llei 7/1988 at a live ELI URL, but the document body is rendered in JavaScript and could not be machine-read for verification; DOGC behaves the same way. Consequence: for Catalonia we cite the park administration and MITECO as the authority, we state the rule as they state it, and we do not quote a decree number we have not read. Any writer who finds a readable primary text should upgrade this claim. — Sources: Parc Nacional d'Aigüestortes — Normativa (llista de disposicions vigents, actualitzada 18.01.2023); Portal Jurídic de Catalunya — Llei 7/1988, de 30 de març (ELI).

27. What replaces camping in Aigüestortes is the refuge network, and the park documents it as the intended answer. The park's leaflet lists staffed refuges (Colomina 50 places, Saboredo 21, Pla de la Font 20, Gerdar 25 and others) and two unstaffed refugis-bivac — Besiberri (16 places) and Gerber-Mataró (16) — which are the lawful "sleeping out" option inside the park boundary. This is also the architecture behind the Carros de Foc circuit. Practical framing for articles: in Aigüestortes the question is not "where may I pitch" but "which refuge did I book". — Source: Parc Nacional d'Aigüestortes — opuscle informatiu (PDF).

28. Fire and the rest, from the same two official sources. Fire — MITECO rule 4: "Se prohíbe encender fuego. En caso de necesidad puede usarse gas envasado." ("Lighting fires is prohibited. If necessary, bottled gas may be used.") The Catalan leaflet is blunter: "Fer foc al bosc és una imprudència que pot portar conseqüències irreparables. Per aquest motiu està penalitzat severament." Dogs — rule 8: "Procuren no introducir animales de compañía en el Parque. En todo caso deben ir sujetos por la persona responsable." Water — rule 9: bathing and water activities are not permitted, a genuine difference from the Aragonese parks and one that surprises summer walkers. Litter — rule 3: carry it out of the park, including cigarette ends. Drones: not addressed in either document; the park's normativa list includes the state order on flight-prohibited and restricted zones (Orden PRE/1841/2005). Do not assert a drone rule from these sources. — Sources: MITECO — Aigüestortes: Normas de visita; opuscle informatiu (PDF); Normativa del parc.

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4. PARC NATIONAL DES PYRÉNÉES (France)

The clearest-drafted regime in the range: campement banned, bivouac permitted, and the two words mean different things in law.

29. The legal base is décret n° 2009-406 du 15 avril 2009 pris pour l'adaptation de la délimitation et de la réglementation du parc national des Pyrénées occidentales aux dispositions du code de l'environnement issues de la loi n° 2006-436 du 14 avril 2006. Article 15, verbatim:

"I. ― Sauf autorisation du directeur de l'établissement public du parc, sont interdits : 1° La circulation et le stationnement des véhicules motorisés, en dehors des routes nationales et départementales ; 2° Le survol du cœur du parc à une hauteur inférieure à mille mètres du sol des aéronefs motorisés ; 3° Le campement sous une tente, dans un véhicule ou dans tout autre abri.
II. ― Sont réglementés par le directeur de l'établissement public et, le cas échéant, soumis à autorisation : 1° L'accès, la circulation et le stationnement des personnes, des animaux domestiques autres que les chiens et des véhicules non motorisés ; 2° Le survol du cœur du parc à une hauteur inférieure à mille mètres du sol des aéronefs non motorisés ; 3° Le bivouac ; 4° L'organisation et le déroulement de manifestations publiques, notamment de compétitions sportives."

Translation: "I. Save with the authorization of the director of the park's public establishment, the following are prohibited: … 3° Camping under a tent, in a vehicle or in any other shelter. II. The following are regulated by the director and, where applicable, subject to authorization: … 3° Bivouac …" The architecture is explicit: campement is banned outright in the core zone; bivouac is a separate legal object, delegated to the park director to regulate. — Source: Légifrance — Décret n° 2009-406 du 15 avril 2009, article 15. (Verification note: this URL 403s to curl and serves normally to browsers; the article text above was read from the live page.)

30. The delegated rule is modalité d'application n° 24 de la charte du Parc national des Pyrénées, "relative au campement et au bivouac", verbatim: "Elle autorise le bivouac entre 19 heures et 9 heures dans les espaces situés à une distance correspondant à au moins une heure de marche d'un point d'accès routier ou des limites du cœur, le cas échéant sous une tente ne permettant pas de se tenir debout ou dans un abri naturel." — "It authorizes bivouac between 19:00 and 09:00 in areas at a distance corresponding to at least one hour's walk from a road access point or from the boundaries of the core zone, where applicable under a tent in which one cannot stand upright, or in a natural shelter." The same modalité lists the only three derogations the director may grant for campement: pastoral activities; authorized works sheltering equipment tied to a park mission; and works on a refuge or mountain hostelry, to provide back-up or substitute accommodation. — Source: Parc national des Pyrénées — Modalité d'application n° 24 (PDF).

31. The park states the same rule to walkers in two places, and adds the operational detail. Regulation page: "Le campement, sous une tente, dans un véhicule, y compris dans un camping-car ou dans tout autre abri est interdit dans la zone cœur du Parc national, y compris sur les aires de stationnement… Le bivouac est autorisé à plus d'une heure de marche des limites de la zone cœur du Parc national ou de tout accès motorisé, entre 19h et 9h. Dans ce cas, la tente doit donc uniquement être montée après 19h et être démontée avant 9h le matin. Des aires de bivouac sur la zone cœur du Parc national sont matérialisées autour de certains refuges." Visitor page: "Une petite tente peut être montée pour la nuit, à partir de 19h et démontée le matin avant 9h." Third detail from the same page: caravanning and overnight camper-van parking are prohibited on the roads and car parks of the core zone. The complete rule set also sits in the arrêté du directeur du Parc national du 29 août 2013, published as a PDF on both pages. Confidence note: that arrêté is a scanned document with no extractable text layer — we cite it as the instrument named by the park, and quote from the modalité and the park's own pages, which we could read. — Sources: PNP — Campement et bivouac; PNP — Bivouac (où dormir en montagne); PNP — Arrêté du directeur du 29 août 2013 (PDF).

32. Two zone-specific French rules that override the general one. Réserve naturelle nationale du Néouvielle (inside the park's sphere, vallée d'Aure): "Dans la Réserve naturelle nationale du Néouvielle, le bivouac est autorisé de 19h à 9h uniquement sur les aires de bivouac aux abords des lacs d'Orédon et d'Aubert." — in the Néouvielle reserve, bivouac is confined to designated bivouac areas beside the Orédon and Aubert lakes. Lac Gentau / Ayous (Pic du Midi d'Ossau): the Commission syndicale Bielle–Bilhères banned bivouac on part of the lake shore from 22 July 2021, on land that lies outside the park core — and the park used the occasion to restate that in its own core zone "Il est interdit de bivouaquer dans le cœur du Parc national des Pyrénées sauf entre 19 heures et 9 heures du matin (matériel démonté complètement et évacué à cette heure). Le lieu de bivouac doit se situer à plus d'une heure de marche de la route." Editorial use: French local landowners and commissions syndicales can and do restrict bivouac outside the park, and the park's 19:00–09:00 rule does not travel with you across the boundary. Confidence note: the Ossau measure was dated 22 July–30 September 2021; treat it as a documented precedent, not as a current-season rule. — Sources: PNP — Bivouac; PNP — Bivouac au Pic du Midi d'Ossau - lac Gentau : changement des conditions (24/07/2021).

33. French fire, dog and aircraft rules, from the park's own regulation pages. Fire (article 3 of the décret, modalité 5): "Le feu est interdit dans le cœur du Parc national pour éviter incendies et dégradations du sol. L'utilisation de réchauds portatifs autonomes est possible dans les conditions prévues par la réglementation du Parc national." — fire banned; self-contained portable stoves are allowed under the park's conditions. Dogs: dogs are excluded from article 15.II's "domestic animals other than dogs" wording — they are handled under article 3 and modalités 1 and 25, with a short list of named exceptions (specific roads and paths in the Ossau, Cauterets and Gavarnie valleys) and the park's flat statement "Au-delà de ces exceptions, aucune dérogation à ces règles ne sera accordée." Horses and donkeys need authorization; any other domestic animal needs authorization. The park also warns that outside the park, many communes have municipal arrêtés requiring dogs on a lead on grazed estives. Non-motorised aircraft (article 15, modalité 23): gliders and paragliders below 1,000 m above ground are regulated under a permanent 2022 arrêté with declared take-off sites and a two-step e-mail declaration; for all other non-motorised aircraft — the category drones fall into — flight below 1,000 m above ground in the core zone is "strictement interdit". This is the only park in the range that gives us a clean, citable drone answer. — Sources: PNP — Feu; PNP — Animaux domestiques; PNP — Survols par des aéronefs non motorisés.

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5. ANDORRA

34. Andorra is governed parish by parish, not nationally, and the one Pyrenean high-mountain park with a published, readable rule is the Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa (Comú de la Massana), created by Ordinació of 27 July 2006. Its Pla Rector, latest version approved 26 May 2022 and published in the Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra (BOPA núm. 90, 27 de juliol del 2022), states at article 36.7 Regulació de l'acampada:

"a) L'acampada lliure practicada per tres tendes com a màxim i limitada a les hores nocturnes, es considera un ús permès de forma genèrica en tot l'àmbit del PNCVC, excepte a les zones de reserva i a les zones d'ús restringit. El vivac, entès com la pernoctació d'una o vàries persones, sense muntatge de tenda de campanya i durant una sola nit al mateix lloc, es considera ús permès de forma genèrica en tot l'àmbit del PNCVC.
b) Excepcionalment l'òrgan gestor podrà autoritzar acampades per activitats professionals… així com per activitats educatives.
c) En tot cas, un cop finalitzada la pernoctació, cal deixar el terreny en perfectes condicions de netedat i qualitat visual."

Translation: "(a) Free camping with a maximum of three tents and limited to night hours is a generally permitted use throughout the park, except in reserve zones and restricted-use zones. Bivouac — understood as one or more people spending the night without pitching a tent, for a single night in the same place — is a generally permitted use throughout the park. (b) Exceptionally the managing body may authorize camping for professional or educational activities. (c) In every case, once the overnight stay is over, the ground must be left in perfect condition of cleanliness and visual quality." Note what this text does that no Spanish text does: it defines vivac in the regulation itself — no tent, one night, same place. — Source: Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa — Pla Rector 2022 (PDF publicat al BOPA núm. 90, 27/07/2022).

35. The park's visitor-facing rules restate the camping cap and add the rest: "No encengueu foc… Gossos lligats. Bestiar pasturant… Per a acampades de més de 3 tendes, cal demanar-ne autorització." ("Do not light fires… Dogs on a lead, livestock grazing… For camping with more than 3 tents, authorization must be requested.") In the Pla Rector, fire is a prohibited use — "j) Encendre foc o acampar, excepte als indrets i formes autoritzats pel present Pla rector" — and the only places fire is permitted are the designated picnic grills, subject to seasonal suspension in fire-risk conditions. Dogs: article 28 requires them leashed "a fi de no molestar la fauna salvatge, els visitants i els ramats", citing article 19 de la Llei 11/2016, del 28 de juny, de tinença i de protecció d'animals (collar plus lead, chain or species-appropriate restraint). Helicopter tourist overflight is an authorization-only use. The GR-11, GR-11.1, GR-T1 and GRP all cross the park, and in April and May foot traffic in restricted-use zones is asked to stay on those waymarked routes. — Sources: Comapedrosa — Normes bàsiques; Comapedrosa — Pla Rector 2022 (PDF); Comapedrosa — Objectius i gestió (normativa i instruments de planificació).

36. Confidence note — Andorra beyond Comapedrosa is not sourced here. We could not read any national Andorran camping statute: bopa.ad is a JavaScript application with no crawlable search, and no Govern d'Andorra page setting a general camping rule was located within this session's search budget. Do not extrapolate the Comapedrosa three-tent rule to Sorteny, to the Madriu-Perafita-Claror valley, or to Andorra generally. Each comú legislates its own territory; the honest statement is that we have verified one park and only one. — Sources: Comapedrosa — Objectius i gestió; (negative result recorded against bopa.ad, see Rejected list).

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6. THE COMPARISON TABLE — the whole point of the dossier

(Every cell above is sourced in claims 8, 20–21, 25, 30–31 and 34. Reproduce the table only with the claim references attached.)

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CRITICAL FINDINGS — the 5 things that change what we publish

1. The vague answer was not merely unhelpful, it was factually wrong. There is a decree, with a number and a date, that answers "¿Puedo acampar en La Renclusa?" in one sentence: Decreto 148/2005, artículo 29 — above 2,000 m, tents up from sunset to 08:00, three tents maximum, two nights maximum. La Renclusa stands at 2,140 m. "Consult the park administration" is the answer you give when no rule exists; here the rule is published, free and searchable. (Claims 8, 14.)

1. The 500 m ban around La Renclusa is dead law that is still repeated. Decreto 142/2000 banned camping within 500 m of La Renclusa and Ángel Orús; Decreto 148/2005 expressly repealed it and did not re-enact it. Anyone quoting the 500 m figure — or the old 20:00 start, or the Guardia Civil notification — is quoting a decree that has been repealed for twenty-one years. And nothing replaced the refuge exclusion: on this specific point the current text is silent, and we say so rather than inventing a distance. (Claims 9, 15.)

1. The four jurisdictions genuinely disagree, and a GR-11 walker crosses at least three of them. Above 2,000 m in Posets-Maladeta you may pitch a tent. In the Ordesa sector of the national park thirty kilometres west you may not, at any altitude, without a paid booking at Góriz. In Aigüestortes you may not pitch anywhere at all. In the French core zone you may bivouac but not camp, and the tent must be too low to stand in. In Comapedrosa three tents are fine. There is no "Pyrenees camping rule" and any article that implies one is wrong. (Claim table, section 6.)

1. Several "everyone knows" camping facts failed verification and must not be printed as-is: the "2 hours' walk from a road" condition does not apply inside Aragonese protected areas (Decreto 61/2006 art. 3.2.a excludes them) even though semi-official safety pages repeat it; "sunrise" is not the end of the Posets-Maladeta window — the decree says 08:00; Ley 30/2014 contains no camping rule for Spanish national parks; and no park instrument in Spain or Andorra mentions drones by name. The honest versions are all sourced above. (Claims 3, 6, 12, 17, 24.)

1. Where the rule is published is not where walkers look. The Gobierno de Aragón's Ordesa page carries a "Pernoctación" section; its Posets-Maladeta page, updated May 2026, carries none — the rule lives only in a 2005 BOA decree and a downloadable brochure. Aigüestortes publishes no camping article in its listed legal corpus at all. That publication gap is the story, and it is the gap the Trail Assistant fell into. Our articles should close it by quoting the text and linking the boletín. (Claims 13, 16, 26.)

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PROPOSED ARTICLES (3)

1. camping-benasque-posets-maladeta — "Can you camp at La Renclusa? What the Posets-Maladeta decree actually says"
2. - Lead with the answer and the citation: yes, above 2,000 m, tents up from sunset to 08:00 — Decreto 148/2005, artículo 29 (claim 8).
3. - The two words that decide it: acampada libre vs acampada de alta montaña, with the legal definition of "free camping" as a verdict, not a place (claim 1).
4. - La Renclusa specifically: 2,140 m, 92 places, FAM/CEC/Benasque; what the repealed 500 m rule said and why it no longer applies (claims 9, 14).
5. - The party limits people miss: more than 3 tents, or a second consecutive night in the same spot, needs written park authorization (claim 8b).
6. - What the rule is silent about — refuge surroundings, human waste — and how to behave when the text says nothing (claim 15).
7. - The myth-buster box: the "2 hours from a road" condition is from a different decree that expressly excludes the park (claims 3, 12).
8. - Fire, dogs, litter, aircraft in this park, each with its article (claim 17).
9. - What it costs to get it wrong: €100–1,000, halved for voluntary payment (claim 5).

1. pyrenees-camping-rules-by-park — "Camping in the Pyrenees: five jurisdictions, five different rules (GR-11 and HRP)"
2. - Open with the comparison table (section 6) and the flat statement that there is no single Pyrenean rule.
3. - Posets-Maladeta in one paragraph: 2,000 m, sunset–08:00, 3 tents, 2 nights (claim 8).
4. - Ordesa in one paragraph, with the sector-by-sector altitudes and the fact that Ordesa sector is banned at any height (claim 20).
5. - The Góriz exception as a booking problem, not a camping problem: 50 places, only when the refuge is full, per person not per tent, 2025 tariff (claim 23).
6. - Aigüestortes: no camping anywhere, plus the refugi-bivac answer that replaces it (claims 25, 27).
7. - France: campement banned, bivouac permitted 19:00–09:00 at ≥1 h from a road, tent you cannot stand up in (claims 29–31).
8. - Andorra: Comapedrosa's three tents and its written definition of vivac — and the explicit warning not to extrapolate to the rest of Andorra (claims 34, 36).
9. - Boundary discipline for traverse walkers: how to know which rule you are under, and the local-order risk (Anayet, Lac Gentau) that overrides all of the above (claims 18, 32).

1. acampada-libre-vs-vivac-spain — "Acampada libre vs vivac: the distinction Spanish mountain law is built on"
2. - The legal definition first: acampada libre is camping that breaches a written requirement — not camping away from a campsite (claim 1).
3. - The permitted category outside protected areas: acampada de alta montaña, 1,500 m, 2 hours from a road, 3 nights, notify 112-SOS Aragón (claim 2).
4. - The exclusion clause that trips everyone: protected areas are carved out of that regulation and run on their own plan (claim 3).
5. - The siting rules that bite on a traverse: 100 m from any lake or river bank, 3 tents / 9 campers, 1 km between groups (claim 4).
6. - Where vivac is actually defined in a regulation — Andorra's Comapedrosa Pla Rector — and where it is used without definition (claims 34, 20).
7. - How each park narrows the general category: a short worked comparison of the four altitude/hour pairs (section 6).
8. - The penalty regime, honestly: minor infraction, €100–1,000, 50% reduction for voluntary payment, and which authority decides (claim 5).
9. - Closing rule for readers: find the instrument, read the article, check the date — with the three boletín links.

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SOURCE REGISTER (37 URLs, all verified HTTP 200 on 2026-08-15 except where noted; final URLs recorded)

Boletín Oficial de Aragón (BOA) — primary legal texts, x6: Decreto 142/2000 (repealed high-mountain camping decree, DOCN 000057463); Decreto 148/2005 (PORN Posets-Maladeta, DOCN 000098955); Decreto 1/2006 (PORN amendment, PDF MLKOB 100994473737); Decreto 61/2006 (Reglamento de acampadas, DOCN 000104976); Decreto 168/2014 (PRUG Posets-Maladeta, DOCN 000191332); Decreto 16/2022 (PRUG Ordesa amendment, DOCN 007922169).
Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE) — consolidated law, x3: Decreto Legislativo 1/2015 (Espacios Protegidos de Aragón, HTML + consolidated PDF); Ley 30/2014 de Parques Nacionales.
Gobierno de Aragón (aragon.es), x6: Parque Natural de Posets-Maladeta; Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido; Planificación y gestión de los espacios naturales protegidos; PRUG de Ordesa consolidado febrero 2022 (PDF); folleto oficial Parque Natural Posets-Maladeta (PDF); Regulación de la acampada y baño en los ibones del Anayet.
MITECO / Red de Parques Nacionales, x1: Aigüestortes — Normas de visita y recomendaciones.
Generalitat de Catalunya, x3: Parc Nacional d'Aigüestortes — Normativa; inici del parc; opuscle informatiu (PDF). Plus Portal Jurídic (Llei 7/1988 ELI, URL live but body not machine-readable).
Parc national des Pyrénées, x9: Campement et bivouac; Bivouac (où dormir en montagne); Feu; Animaux domestiques; Survols par des aéronefs non motorisés; actualité Ordesa 2022; actualité lac Gentau 2021; modalité 24 (PDF); arrêté du 29 août 2013 (PDF). The park also hosts a copy of Decreto 16/2022 at …/files/documents/news/decret-gouvernement-province-aragon-1.pdf (verified 200) — use the BOA original for citation.
Légifrance, x1: décret n° 2009-406 du 15 avril 2009 (ELI) — 403 to curl, serves normally to browsers; article 15 read from the live page.
Andorra — Comú de la Massana / Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa, x3: Pla Rector 2022 (PDF, BOPA núm. 90 de 27/07/2022); Normes bàsiques; Objectius i gestió.
Federations and refuge operators, x4: FAM — Refugio de La Renclusa; CEC — Refugis (altitude of La Renclusa); Refugio de Góriz — La acampada en Ordesa (tariffs and conditions); Refugio de Góriz (home).
Cited as evidence of a circulating error, not as authority, x1: Montaña Segura — Travesías en verano en autosuficiencia.

Dropped on verification (8 candidates — do not cite without re-check)

• larenclusa.com and www.larenclusa.com — connection failure (curl exit 0 / HTTP 000), repeated across the session. The refuge's own site is unreachable; documented from FAM and CEC instead.
• portaljuridic.gencat.cat / dogc.gencat.cat article text — URLs resolve 200 but render the legal text in JavaScript. Llei 7/1988 could not be quoted; retained in the register as a pointer only, with the Aigüestortes claims re-sourced to the park and MITECO.
• bopa.ad search — JavaScript single-page application, no crawlable search endpoint; /api/* probes 404. The Andorran text was obtained from the park's BOPA-stamped PDF instead. Consequence: no national Andorran camping rule is claimed in this file.
• govern.cat press note on a new Aigüestortes PRUG — 200 to curl but the body is JS-rendered and returned no decree number; 403 to our fetch tool. Dropped: we do not assert that a new Aigüestortes PRUG exists or what it says.
• www.legifrance.gouv.fr via curl — 403 (bot gate). Retained because the page serves normally to browsers and the article text was read; flagged in the register.
• PNP arrêté du directeur du 29 août 2013 (PDF) — downloads fine (HTTP 200) but is a scanner output with no text layer; no verbatim quotation was taken from it. Cited as the named instrument only.
• www.aragon.es/buscador, www.boe.es/buscar/legislacion.php GET queries — both return 200 with JS-rendered or empty result sets; useless for verification. Use BOA's BRSCGI TITU-C= search and BOE act.php?id= instead, both of which work.
• Non-official sources encountered and excluded on principle: montanaregulada.org, refugiosnoguardados.org, noticias.juridicas.com, vlex.es, iustel.com, impulsovertical.com, barrabes.com, ordesa.net, heraldo.es, nevasport.com, Wikipedia (ca/es) and every travel blog surfaced during searching. None was used as evidence for any claim, including where its summary happened to match the decree.